Analysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World - 1250 Words

Aldous Huxley published a Brave New World in 1932 in which he depicts a society in which babies are born in bottles, the concept of an individual cell does not matter as people do not believe in intimacy, science is used as a form of control, subjugation and conditioning, and drugs as well as sex are forms of escaping the horrors of reality. Or as Laurence Brander (1970) put it, â€Å"Affection and loyalty are unnecessary, beauty is a synthetic product, truth is arranged in a test tube, hope is supplied in a pill, which by its action annihilates identity.† By linking science, technology, and politics, Huxley predicted that human individuality would wither away . He believed that his book was not only a â€Å"satire on contemporary culture, a prediction of biological advances, a commentary on the social roles of science and scientists† but also â€Å"a plan for reforming society† . Influenced by events taking place during his lifetime, he anticipated various de velopments such as World War II. Additionally, his novel was able to prophesize the major themes and struggles that dominate society even today. This review is going to try to show that through the use of a modernized style of writing, allusions, symbolism, specific themes and allegory, and subtle development of his characters the author was able to support his arguments and provide necessary evidence for his reasoning, but it will also further examine why Huxley’s characters might seem too shallow and superficial to be part of aShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World Essay986 Words   |  4 PagesMatlen EWRC Period: 1 December 7, 2016 Class Struggle In his text Brave New World Aldous Huxley imagines a society genetically engineered and socially conditioned to be a fully functioning society where everyone appears to be truly happy. This society is created with each person being assigned a social status from birth, much like caste system in modern society or the social or the social strata applied to everyday society. Huxley shows the issues of class struggle from the marxist perspective whenRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World Essay2257 Words   |  10 PagesGiancarlo Ricci LA 9, period 4 October 21, 2016 MAIN THEME:   It is essential to prioritize individual happiness, emotion, and humanity in order for your life to have value. OVERALL TONE: Satirical Novel Cover Art Analysis The novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, is set in a â€Å"utopian† society where individuals are born into a strict social destiny and given recreational sex and drugs to maintain universal happiness and social stability. The major theme exhibited is individual happiness, emotionRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World 2445 Words   |  10 PagesFoundations for a Future Aldous Huxley’s novel Brave New World criticizes a society in which sex is a commodity, self-determination in non-existent, and happiness derives from consumerism. Huxley writes the novel as a warning to both contemporary and future generations of the dangers of progress built upon the wrong foundations. The novel is a portrayal of Huxley’s own society in which talkies, the radio and premarital sex, were on the rise and like many others of his time he believed that moralsRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1278 Words   |  6 Pagesanother note, he said it is â€Å"a potent, even enriching.† Brave New World, by Aldous Huxley, expands on this idea of exilation. Throughout the novel, several characters are faced with being exiled, whether it be from their home or community. In particular, a man by the name of John seems to experience the bulk of it. John’s experiences show that being exiled is alienating and, at the same time, enriching, whi le also portraying the effects of a world with complete government control over technology andRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1420 Words   |  6 Pagesexcessive effort to become perfect can be counteractive and lead to dysfunctionality. In Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, characters live in a dystopian society that sprouted from the human yearning for perfection. Although the citizens in Brave New World are genetically engineered to be perfect individuals and are on soma constantly to keep them happy and efficient, they lack individuality.. Brave New World is a novel that clearly demonstrates that trying to create a perfect society can result inRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s A Brave New World1708 Words   |  7 Pagessocieties, specifically those of the fictional variety we apply our mashed set of ideals based on truth and happiness on each of these different societies . In Aldous Huxley’s A Brave New World, by conventional societies ideas the citizens of the world state know nothing of traditional reality and by the standards of the traditional world are far from a state of contentment, but if examined by the ideals of the society in question the overall appearance is quite different. the population seems happyRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1591 Words   |  7 Pagesinsignificant in terms of an independent person, and because of this, people have to actively find ways to keep ourselves occupied. Aldous Huxley was born July 26, 1984. His father was a scientist that helped to develop the theory of evolution. Science was obviously a large part of his life and was most likely a key source of inspiration for his book. In Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, Individualism is a rarity and society is structured to serve a higher class of people. Society is built around five classes;Read MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1079 Words   |  5 Pagesthe corners of the world there are divers e perspectives , that lead to the conclusion that there is no such thing as a Universal Utopia. In Brave New World by Aldous Huxley , we are able to understand the critical differences between our modern day society and the dystopian one created in the novel. There is no such thing as â€Å"perfection† and in order to function everyone should choose who they want to be, which is the complete opposite of the society formed in the Brave New World. In this society thereRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1492 Words   |  6 PagesDiscussions regarding technology’s risks, benefits and responsibilities neither begin nor end at the inception of Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World. These analyses are held, uneasily, on the fringes of journalism. Huxley’s infamous dystopian science fiction work, as well as his experiences with hallucinogens and mysticism, pinned him onto the intellectual map. Nowadays, in a society that is ruled and run by technology, we can truly recognize certain parallels made between now and his very intuitiveRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World Essay1771 Words   |  8 PagesThe World State- Do What You Are Taught This essay will be centered on two of the most important characters Linda and Lenina from Aldous Huxley’s novel Brave New World. The novel talks about a world which is completely different from the contemporary world. The world state in the novel is solely ruled by technologies to produce human beings, drugs to control emotions, hypnopaedic education to brainwash people with certain beliefs and thoughts. In the world state human beings are produced in bulk

Essay Prompts - 4057 Words

AP ENGLISH LIT AND COMP FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS 2004 (Form A): Critic Roland Barthes has said, â€Å"Literature is the question minus the answer.† Choose a novel or play and, considering Barthes’ Observation, write an essay in which you analyze a central question the work raises and the extent to which it offers any answers. Explain how the author’s treatment of this question affects your understanding of the work as a whole. Avoid mere plot summary. You may select a work from the list below or another novel or play of comparable literary merit. Alias Grace Middlemarch All the King’s Men Moby-Dick Candide Obasan Death of a Salesman Oedipus Rex Doctor Faustus Orlando Don Quixote†¦show more content†¦Choose a novel or play in which a morally ambiguous characters plays a pivotal role. Then write an essay in which you explain how the character can be viewed as morally ambiguous and why his or her moral ambiguity is significant to the work as a whole. Avoid mere plot summary. Choose a work from the list below or another novel or play of comparable literary merit. The Age of Innocence Henry V All the Kings Men The Mayor of Casterbridge Anna Karenina The Merchant of Venice The Autobiography of An Ex-Colored Man Mrs. Warren’s Profession The Awakening Pà ¨re Goriot Billy Budd The Picture of Dorian Gray Crime and Punishment The Plague Faust Poccho Fences The Scarlet Letter The Glass Menagerie Silas Marner Great Expectations Sister Carrie The Great Gatsby Sula Heart of Darkness The Turn of the Screw Hedda GablerShow MoreRelatedPoetry Essay Prompt2545 Words   |  11 PagesAP Literature Poetry Essay Prompts (1970–2011) 1970 Poem: â€Å"Elegy for Jane† (Theodore Roethke) Prompt: Write an essay in which you describe the speakers attitude toward his former student, Jane. 1971 Poem: â€Å"The Unknown Citizen† (W.H. Auden) Prompt: In a brief essay, identify at least two of the implications implicit in the society reflected in the poem. Support your statements by specific references to the poem. 1972 NO POEM 1973 (exam not available) 1974 Poem: â€Å"I wonder whether one expectsRead MoreAnalysis of Prompt and Utter Destruction Essay1371 Words   |  6 PagesPrompt and Utter Destruction: An Analytic Review Rebecca Torres Hist 1302/713 04/14/2012 Prof. Stromberg Prompt and Utter Destruction: An analytical review Was the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the American Government unavoidably necessary? This is what Samuel J. Walker intends to uncover in his publication. His argument is that the justifications made by the AmericanRead MoreGraduation Speech : A Student1334 Words   |  6 Pagesadvanced level essay. Purpose (state specific purpose, relate the topic to an audience and establish credibility): Step by step I have accomplished or improved in a strategy that is better in my English. In the beginning of college, I was afraid of how I would perform in my classes. I know I would be writing many essays in college. My essays in high school were not great at all and I would not pass or barely pass most of my essays. Now here I am getting a B average on all my essays. It has been aRead MoreGraduation Speech : An Abstract Point Of Attack932 Words   |  4 PagesEssays have always seemed like just another assignment. Rarely did I like doing them and most of the time I did not like the prompt. Essays were straight forward and very dull. You were given a question about something in class and told to write about it. So far college English has been different. The class takes an abstract point of attack. There is still a prompt but is about more complex and controversial issues. This would have t o make me think critically and in an unorthodox manner. This, howeverRead MoreAnalyzing And Comprehend Works Of Literature And Math1719 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the second quarter, I wrote several different essays in which I was able to develop and see my writing abilities. However, as the quarter progressed, I did not see a clear development in my writing abilities. Instead, my writing abilities fluctuated up and down like a roller coaster cart going up and down the hills. At the end of the first quarter, I had slowly improved my abilities in writing rhetorical analyses. In the last rhetorical essay of the quarter (Last Child in the Woods by RichardRead MoreIn high school I took an honors English course and the AP English and composition course, which600 Words   |  3 PagesIn high school I took an honors English course and the AP English and composition course, which were both run by teachers who were very able to teach me, as a student, very in depth ways of critically analyzing prompts and texts in order to write about them effectively and in an academic manner. They were very hard on students and although I resented them often during my time in their classes, I came out of each class very prepared for my first year of college, and to my surprise I was significantlyRead MoreA Brief Note On Professional Writers Are Instinctively Good At Writing986 Words   |  4 Pagestransitioning from a basic five paragraph essay structure into university level writing and forced me to go beyond manipulating that structure for my essays. Throughout my time in that course, I was able to focus on my weaknesses by avoiding a poor thesis, having a structured format, focusing deeper on the prompts, and providing more detail on my main topic. When I received my first prompt for the course, I felt confident writing about the chosen essay prompt because basic rhetorical elements. In orderRead MoreMy First Year Experience Program1134 Words   |  5 Pagesassignment that I have chosen best demonstrates my progress as a writer is our Personal Narrative Essay. Though this was our first essay of the semester, I did receive my highest grade on this assignment and believes that it reflects my abilities as a writer. Because it was a Personal Narrative, writing the narrative came easy to me but along the way I faced a couple road blocks. With it being my first college essay, I referred to the Writing Center in the Mortvedt Library for guidance outside the classroomRead MoreRhetorical Analysis : The Rhetorical Square877 Words   |  4 PagesGrowing up while writing essays we were always taught to make sure it was clear to your reader, it was accurate, has its purpose and you directed it to a certain audience. I’m sure every one understands these points while writing but we just have trouble using them and or following them as we write. In the past couple of weeks in class we have discussed two articles that gave excellent information on key points we should keep in mind while writing. The first article we discussed was The RhetoricalRead More The Skill of Writing Essay677 Words   |  3 Pageswriting essays. To accomplish this we have all had a person to inspire us, to drive us, to get us over the hump of confidence that we need to succeed. Still to be successful we need to count on ourselves to succeed. I for one am better at writing essays on a topic than writing a short story about something fiction. To me that is a problem, I am not creative enough to write stories even about my life, but I do excel at writing to a given purpose such as a topic. I feel stronger at essays than at

A Person Who I Admire Free Essays

A person who I admire A person who I admire is an interesting topic. I believe you can admire more than one person. A typical admiration I have seen is when people boy, are admiring a very famous singer, actor etc. We will write a custom essay sample on A Person Who I Admire or any similar topic only for you Order Now although it is typical, it is still a good admiration because you can use that person as your role model or idol. Fx. If your role model is a sportsman, then you can admire his performing skills, and maybe learn something from him or her. But trough my life I have admired many persons, friends, older people, teachers, etc. All these people have given me experiences and personal abilities which I have acquired with help from them. My opinion is that I cannot admire one person specially. When I admire someone I respect the person’s character. After my experience I also admire someone when I am in his presence. A person who can change a bad day to a good day, fx my mother. My mother is defiantly one of my top 3 list over admired persons. Just imagine without your mother you would not exist. Everyone should admire how housemothers are struggling to raise there children’s. I am indeed of her proud of my mother, it is because of her that I am that what I am today. When I always have been in a bad mood my mother opened up my minds to look at things in a different perspective. Fx when I has had a problem she shared her experiences with me and learned me to tackle every situation. Another important person who I likes to admire is my father. A father and a mother is an admirable couple that forms a basis of a children’s life. My parents are like advisers, I can talk to them when I need help. They are motivating me to achieve my goal. I promised myself when I grow older and start a family, i will tell my children’s about my childhood and how I admired my parents. At least my expectation for myself is that I can be a loved parent. I really hope that I will have the same kindness that my parents have. My parents taught me that I can have a good life in 2 ways. The first one is a life full of material comforts, good economy, good education, and high position in the society. The second one is life where you are satisfied with your life, and when you have a good family and good friends, but it doesn’t mean it is an opposite life where you live in extreme poorness you have some material comforts. But let’s say that you lose some money. Then you should not get sad and frustrated because there is something more important than money in our lives. I have a friend at my soccerteam. Once a time he told me about his childhood, and that before he came to Denmark he had lived in Afghanistan. He was 4 when he and his family escaped from war. He said that he lived a good life in Afghanistan. His father owned a company, and they have a good economic. But when the war started the family was forced to run away from the country. Now his father is a cleaner and his mother is on social society. But even though he had been through that he is still happy that he lives in peacefully Denmark. That’s a life my parents taught it is possible to live a life with happiness without being a millionaire. That is what I most admire my parents for, teaching me about life. I think every human on this planet should admire his parents and look up to them, am proud of being there child. Without my father I would not know how to be a man. No one can reprove me like my father. If a child grows up without a father he is missing some basic abilities. The same is if a girl child grows up without a mother something will be missing. My parents have done a lot to me, they have sacrified time, nerves, and energy just to raise me up, and I have not forgotten all that hard work. That’s why im not just admiring them but also respecting them when they are giving me orders. I am helping them with assignments. Finally I very appreciate them for after my opinion being the best parents for me. My parents are them who I admire most, I don’t know exactly why but your parents will always be there for you. A friend or some other randomly people are not the same as your parents. When you admire you parents they are admiring you too, that’s maybe not the same to other people. You like them but maybe they don’t like you. Even when my parents die I will remember them in my mind and there soul and goodness will still be living in me. How to cite A Person Who I Admire, Essay examples

George Orwell is one of the most famous authors of dystopian fiction Essay Example For Students

George Orwell is one of the most famous authors of dystopian fiction Essay George Orwell is one of the most famous authors of dystopian fiction. He skillfully incorporates many literary devices, symbols and themes in a unique blend that is all his own; this demonstrates his style. As a satirist he attempts to convey his feelings about many issues using his unique style. One can find a reoccurring style in two of his most famous books: Animal Farm and 1984. Orwells style is one that is used frequently throughout his literature. Authors often utilize these types of literary devices in their writing to ridicule or satire the society around them, or to provide a warning against what could potentially happen to the world. In each of these two novels he attempts to accomplish a certain goal. In 1984 Orwell warns against leaders who are hungry for power. These people would not hesitate to deprive individuals of everyday freedom if it meant prolonging their control, he also warns against excessive censorship. Similarly, George Orwell uses Animal Farm to warn against the deceitfulness that accompanies communism, fascism, socialism and Marxism. George Orwells techniques are plentiful and he uses his genius to express his message. Political purpose is his main reason and theme that reoccurs within both Animal Farm and 1984. Although his intent is to influence people, he disguises his thoughts and opinions in his incredible stories. He uses Animal Farm as a cute little story in which there is a much deeper meaning and he uses Winston Smith as a representative of himself and his ideology. Understanding the ideology behind such symbolic works are the first steps to grasping the style of George Orwells work and thus symbolism becomes his greatest asset in his quest to inform the world. George Orwells use of political purpose, although a very broad term, plays a huge role in both Animal Farm as well as 1984. Orwells political views, especially his distrust of mass media, are characterized through Winston Smith in 1984. Spending time working for the British Broadcasting Company BBC, Orwell was exposed to a lot of stretched truths and negative propaganda. This led to a huge distrust for those in power aa well as the distrust in the information distributed to and received by the general public from them. Orwell discusses how history is changed by whoever is in power. Orwell hated totalitarianism, mainly because of its lies, and so he saw it as the enemy. If any person or powerful group finds a fact damaging or conflicting with their goal, that person can easily change it by the way in which it is reported. A certain degree of truthfulness was possible so long as it was admitted that a fact may be true even if you dont like it. Revising history. He is supporting his ideas with an example familiar to most. Orwells own distrust is apparent in his creation of the Ministry of Truth. It is here where Winston, the main character, is employed forming propaganda and changing past facts to comply with whatever lies Big Brother, the government, is telling the people. Orwells political opinions are voiced in Winstons role in the government. Orwells characteristic thoughts, opinions and political views are also expressed through Winston Smiths own views and writings, serving as an almost direct representation. Although Orwell published his opinions in books and essays and Winston wrote in a diary, they both believed strongly in their opinions and views. Orwell was against totalitarianism and used Winston to reflect that stance when he wrote against INGSOC English Socialism. INGSOC is the policy by which the government of Oceania, where Winston lived, was run. Although both Winston and Orwell recognize their objective is hopeless, they still cling to the hope that maybe through their words and descriptions, they might, even for a moment alter anothers thinking. Orwell writes: Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written directly or indirectly against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism, as I understand itWhy I write. Orwell wanted to expose the truth. Winston and Orwell both seem to be understood. Winston writes in his diary, Until they become conscious they will never rebel, and until after they have rebelled they cannot become conscious 1984 61. Orwells motive was not to create some wonderful, entertaining work, instead, he seeks to reveal lies and make his views known by exposing them to the public Why I write. In his essay entitled Why I Write Orwell explains one of his main reasons for writing with political purpose. He has a desire to alter peoples political opinions and to change the world. Orwell needed to have a purpose in life, as did Winston. A boring, redundant lifestyle was not enough for Winston; he felt the need to make a difference. He became obsessed with the government, politics and his rebellion against them. Orwells opinions, and goal to expose the truth to the public was voiced constantly through Winston Smiths character. Another device that Orwell uses is historical impulse, or a desire to see things as they are, to find out true facts and store them up for the use of posterity. In a peaceful age I might have written ornate or merely descriptive books, and might have remained almost unaware of my political loyalties. As it is I have been forced into becoming a sort of pamphleteerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Then came Hitler, the Spanish Civil War, etc. By the end of 1935 I had still failed to reach a firm decision. The Spanish war and other events in 1936-37 turned the scale and thereafter I knew where I stood. Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism, as I understand it. It seems to me nonsense, in a period like our own, to think that one can avoid writing of such subjects. Everyone writes of them in one guise or another. It is simply a question of which side one takes and what approach one follows. And the more one is conscious of ones political bias, the more chance one has of acting politically without sacrificing ones aesthetic and intellectual integrity. Why I write As Orwell himself stated in his essay Why I Write, the influence of history and the present has an inevitable influence on a writer of any time. Orwell is placing Winston Smith in the situation of instances and events that he has personally witnessed. These obvious institutions of his comparisons throughout these works are truly a reflection of the current events occurring at some point in his life and his approval or disapproval concurrent with them. Animal Farm begins by introducing Mr. Jones, the master of the farm, who is too drunk to shut the portal in the henhouse. The owner of Manor Farm also forgets to milk the cows, a physically serious mistake, and is irresponsible toward the rest of his animals. One of the cows breaks into the store shed and Mr. Jones and his helpers try to fight off the hungry animals. A minute later all five of them were in full flight down the cart track that led to the main road, with the animals pursuing them in triumph. Then, almost before they knew what was happening, the Rebellion had been successfully carried through Jones was overthrown, and the Manor Farm was theirs. Animal Farm 13 Yet with the revolution successful, there are greater dangers than the threat of invasion and counter-revolution. The ultimate corruption of the revolution is foreshadowed. They raced back to the farm building to wipe out the last traces of Jones hated reign he reins, the halters, the degrading nosebags, were thrown onto the rubbish fire which was burning in the yard. So were the whips. Animal Farm 21 Although it resembles the Russian Revolution and the rise of Stalin, it is more meaningfully a representation of all political revolutions, where the revolutionary ideas of justice, equality, and alliance shatter in the event. Orwell paints a harsh picture of the political 20th century, a time he believed marked the end of human freedom. To avoid such a government, the pigs establish a set a regulations by which all were to abide by. The Seven Commandments: A Doll's house EssayDespite the priority in the necessity for food and warmth, the pigs exploit Boxer and the other common animals by making them take on backbreaking labor to build the windmill, which will ultimately earn the pigs more money and therefore increase their power. The pigs declaration that Snowball is responsible for the windmills first collapse represents psychological manipulation, because it prevents the common animals from doubting the pigs abilities and unites them against a theoretical enemy. The ultimate conversion of the windmill to commercial use is one more sign of the pigs betrayal of their fellow animals. From a symbolic point of view, the windmill represents the enormous modernization projects undertaken in Soviet Russia after the Russian Revolution. The main purpose of satire is to attack, assault, harass, intensely criticize, and otherwise demean the specific subject. This plays a huge role in the technique that George Orwell uses in his novels. Satire becomes intertwined with irony in his attempt to portray his disapproval of the fascist and communist nations. This is brilliantly carried out in the classic piece of satire, Animal Farm. The main targets at the focus of this political satire are the society that was created in Russia after the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, and the leaders involved in it. George Orwell successfully denounces these targets through satirical techniques such as irony, fable, and allegory. The immediate object of attack in Orwells political satire is the society that was created in Russia after the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. The events portrayed in Animal Farm obviously and continuously refer to events in another story, the history of the Russian Revolution. In other words, Animal Farm is not only a charming fable and a bitter political satire; it is also an allegory. The main subject of this allegory is Stalin, represented by Napoleon the pig. He represents the human weakness of any revolution. Orwell believed that although socialism is a ideal, it could never be successfully adopted due to uncontrollable sins of human nature. For example, although Napoleon seems at first to be a good leader, he is eventually overcome by greed and soon becomes power-hungry. Of course Stalin also did this in Russia by leaving the original equality of socialism behind, this gave him all the power and luxurious living while the common pheasant suffered. Orwell explains: Somehow it seemed as though the farm had grown richer without making the animals themselves any richer except of course for the pigs and the dogs. Animal Farm 68 The constant topic of satire is to point out the frailties of the human condition, and this is one of Orwells central themes in Animal Farm. This shows that it is not necessarily the system that is corrupt or faulty, but the individuals in power. Old Major, with all his good intentions, took no note of the crucial fact that even though his ideas were legitimate and moral, corrupt individuals found ways and opportunities to take advantage those ideas to suit their own selfish desires. So, Orwell successfully points out the weakness of his satirical targets by using the technique of allegory. Another main satirical technique used to condemn these targets is the use of fable, or storytelling. A fable is a story, usually having a moral in which beasts talk and act like men and women. Orwells characters are both animal and human. The pigs, for example eat mash, real pig food, but with milk in it that they have grabbed and persuaded the other animals to let them keep a human action. The dogs growl and bite the way real dogs do, but to support Napoleons drive for political power. Orwell never forgets the delicate balances between how real animals actually behave and what human qualities his animals are supposed to represent. Hypothetically speaking, if Orwell hadnt used the technique of storytelling, and had deliberately painted an objective picture of the evils he describes, the real picture would probably be very depressing and extremely boring. As an alternative, he offers us a parody of the situation. The primary reason for this abstraction was to move readers from the concrete reality. So even as he entertains one through a cute setting, he provides readers with a serious image of his intended targets. It is written for entertainment, but contains harsh and important comments on the Russian revolution and its leaders, offering a false setting with real people. Part of the storys humor lies in the straightforwardness with which the characters are drawn. Each animal character is a type, with one human trait, or two at most. He usually associates the traits with a particular kind of animal. Using animals as types is also Orwells way of keeping his hatred and anger against exploiters under control. He keeps his sense of humor by reporting calmly In future, all questions relating to the working of the farm would be settled by a special committee of pigs. Animal Farm 45 The story of Animal Farm is told in a plain, basic style. The sentences are often very concise and sparse Old Major cleared his throat and began to sing. It was a bitter winter. Animal Farm 78 The story follows a single line of action, calmly told, with no digressions. Orwells style, said one critic, has relentless simplicity and pathetic tenacity of the animals themselves. There is a kind of tension in Animal Farm between the sad story the author has to tell and the lucid, almost light way he tells it. This is very ironic, because the content of the story is very different from the style. One expects the story to be like every other fable youve read, complete with cute characters, predictable plotline, and happy ending. But because of the nature of the content in Animal farm, the content is completely incongruent to the style. Another irony that occurs in Animal Farm is when pig becomes man. In that Old Major at the beginning assumes that man is the only enemy of the animals. He emphasizes that animals must never imitate man, especially his vices. Gradually in their life-style and their indifference to the animals, the pigs exploit the animals much more than Jones ever did. This irony particularly depicts how low the pigs had actually become, and how Stalin had made things much worse than it had originally been under the Czars rule. This further enhances the satirical aim of condemning the target. Through satirical techniques such as irony, fable, and metaphor, George Orwell paints a brilliant picture of the evils in Communist Russia in his book Animal Farm. He is very effective in doing so and condemns his targets through every thread of his book including the characters, the themes, and even the style. He does so simply, yet expressively, and is very successful in achieving the satirical aim of condemning his targets. George Orwells themes and styles are evident by his use of political purpose, concise syntax, symbolism and general appeal. He skillfully incorporates many literary devices, symbols and themes in a unique blend that is all his own, or his style. Understanding Orwells ideology behind such symbolic works are the first steps to grasping the style of George Orwells work and thus symbolism becomes his greatest asset in his quest to inform the world. Each of the above characteristics can be seen profoundly in the famous dystopian novels Animal Farm and 1984. George Orwell presents a warning for all who read his works by presenting his opinion. He strongly believes that the direction the world is heading is by no means beneficial to anyone, save the individuals in power. Every piece of literature has a purpose and George Orwells purpose is strictly political. The overruling statement his attempt to arouse the people who sit around accepting the injustice played upon them. His goal is to prevent the world from making a horrible mistake by sacrificing our God-given human rights in return for authority, control and power.

Cost Accounting Solutions Essay Example Essay Example

Cost Accounting Solutions Essay Example Paper Cost Accounting Solutions Essay Introduction Historical costs are irrelevant because they are past costs and, therefore, cannot differ among alternative future courses of action, 11-3 Quantitative factors are outcomes that are measured in numerical terms. Some quantitative factors are financial–that is, they can be easily expressed in monetary terms. Direct materials is an example to a quantitative financial factor. Qualitative factors are outcomes that are difficult to measure accurately in numerical terms. An example is employee morale. 14 Two potential problems that should be avoided in relevant cost analysis are (i) (ii) Do not assume all variable costs are elevate and all fixed costs are irrelevant. Do not use unit- cost data directly. It can mislead decision makers because a. It may include irrelevant costs, and b. Comparisons Of unit costs computed at different output levels lead to erroneous conclusions 11-5 Opportunity cost is the contribution to income that is forgone (rejected) by not using a limited resource in its next-best alternative use. 11-6 No. Some variable costs may not differ among the alternatives under consideration and, hence, Will be irrelevant, Some fixed costs may differ among the alternatives and, hence, will be relevant. 11-520 Copyright C 2013 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter II 11-7 No. Managers should aim to get the highest contribution margin per unit of the constraining (that is, scarce, limiting, or critical) factor. The co ingraining factor is what restricts or limits the production or sale of a given product (for example, availability of machine- hours). 11-8 No. When deciding on the quantity of inventory to buy, managers must consider both the purchase cost per unit and the opportunity cost Of funds invested in the inventory. For example. The purchase cost per unit may be low when the quantity of inventory purchased is large, but the benefit of the I were cost may be more than offset by the high opportunity cost of the funds NV Estes in acquiring and holding invento ry. 11-9 No. For example, if the revenues that will be lost exceed the costs that will be saved, the branch or business segment should not be shut down. Cost Accounting Solutions Essay Body Paragraphs Shutting down will only increase the 1055. Allocated costs are always irrelevant to the shut- down decision. 11-10 Cost written off as depreciation is irrelevant when it pertains to costs for equipment already purchased. But the purchase cost of new equipment to be acquired in the future that will later be written off as depreciation is relevant_ II-II NO. Managers tend to favor the alternative that makes their performance look best, so they focus on the measures used in the performance-evaluation model. If the performance-evaluation model does not emphasize maximizing operating income or minimizing coos TTS, managers Will most likely not choose the alternative that maximizes operating income or minimizes costs. 11-12 No. Relevant costs are defined as those expected future costs that differ among alternative courses of action being considered. Thus, future costs that do not differ among the alternatives are irrelevant to deciding which alternative to choose. Copyright 2013 Pearson C anada Inc. 11-521 Instructor’s Solutions Manual for Cost Accounting, ice EXERCISES 11-13 (10 min. Terminology. A full absorption cost refers to all manufacturing costs including all MOM where ease full product costs refers to all period or non-manufacturing costs as well as all manufacturing costs to bring the product to point of sale. The pop routine’ cost is the value lost because a different alternative was not chosen. The incremental revenue and incremental cost are the unique inflows and outflows arising from a specific alternative, should it be chosen. Similarly an o TLA cost arises from implementation of a specific alternative. In comparison a differential cost is the savings or added costs that arise when comparing alternatives to the current state. At some point the choice must be made and frequently a management team can suffer paralysis by analysis because they seek more and more information, There are some costs that are always irrelevant and one category i s sunk costs that have already been spent and cannot be recovered by making a different decision. One way to select an alternative is to use an optimization technique called linear programming. Optimization under specific constraints on resources may target either in cost minimization or profit minimization. The technical name to calculate What Will be optimized is the objective function. II- 14 (20 min. ) Disposal of assets. 1. This is an unfortunate situation, yet the 588,000 costs are irrelevant regarding the decision to remaining or scar AP. The only relevant factors are the future revenues and future costs. By ignoring the accumulated costs and deciding on the basis Of expected future costs, operating income will be maximized losses minimized). The difference in favor Of remaining is $3,300: (a) (b) Remaining Scrap Future revenues $38,500 SO,200 Deduct future costs 33,000 operating income $5,500 $2,200 Difference in favor of remaining $3,300 1 1-522 11-14 (cont’d) New tr uck Deduct current disposal price of existing truck Rebuild existing truck Difference in favor Of rebuilding Note here t hat the current disposal price of $1 1 ,OHO is relevant, but the original cost (or book value, if the truck were not brand new) is irrelevant. II-IS (10 min. ) Inventory decision, opportunity costs. 1. Unit cost, orders of 20,000 59. 00 Unit cost, order of 240,000 (0. 96 $9. 00) 58. 64 Alternatives under consideration: (a) Buy 240,000 units at start of year. (b) ay,CO units at start of each month. B Average investment in inventory: (a) (240,000 D $8. 64) -2-2 $1, 036,800 $9. 00) 42 90,000 Difference in average investment s 946,800 Opportunity cost of interest forgone from 240,CO unit purchase at start of year = $946,800 0. 0 = $94,680 2. No. The $94,680 is an opportunity cost rather than an incremental or outlay cost. No actual transaction records the $94,680 as an entry in the accounting system. $101,200 $7,700 (b) (a) Replace $112,200 11,000 Rebuild 593,500 $93, SO This too is an unfortunate situation. But the $110,000 original cost is irrelevant to this decision. The difference in favor of rebuilding is $7,700: 11-523 11-15 (cont’d) 3. The following table presents the two alternatives: Alternative A: Alternative a: Purchase Purchase 240,000 20,000 spark plugs at spark plugs beginning of at beginning year of each month Difference (1) (2) Annual purchase-order costs $ 200 (1 C $200: 12 0 $200) $ 2,400 S (2,200) Annual purchase (incremental) costs (86,400) (240,000 0 $9) Annual interest income that could be earned if investment in inventory were invested (opportunity cost) (10% $90,000) 03,680 9,000 34,680 Relevant costs 52177,480 $6,080 Column (3) indicates that purchasing 20,000 spark plugs at the beginning of EAI chi month is preferred relative to purchasing 240,000 spark plugs at the beginning of the year because the opportunity cost of holding larger invention ray exceeds the lower purchasing and ordering costs. If other incremen tal benefits Of holding lower inventory such as lower insurance, materials handling, storage, obsolescence, and breakage costs were considered, the costs under Alternative A would have been higher, and Alternative B would be preferred even more. 11-524 Copyright 2013 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 11 11-16 (20 min. ) Relevant and irrelevant costs. Relevant costs Variable costs Avoidable fixed costs purchase price unit relevant cost Dalton Computers should reject Peach’s offer. The $30 of fixed costs are irrelevant because they will be incurred regardless of this decision. When comparing relevant costs between the choices, Peach’s offer price is higher than the cost to continue to produce, 2. Cash operating costs (4 years) Current disposal value of old machine Cost of new machine Total relevant costs AP Manufacturing should replace the old machine. The cost savings are far greater than the cost to purchase the new machine. Difference $80,000 532,000 (2,500) 2,500 $80,000 $ 53,500 $26,500 Make $180 20 $200 Buy 11-525 Instructors Solutions Manual for Cost Accounting, ice II-17 (10 min. ) The careening personal computer. Considered alone, book value is irrelevant as measure of 1055 when equipment is destroyed. The measure of the e loss is replacement cost or some computation of the Keep Replace 8,000 (8,000) $210 $210 present value of future services lost because of equipment loss or damage. In the specific case described, the following observations may be apt: Lully amortized item probably is relatively old. Chances are that the loss from this equipment is less than the loss for a partially amortized item because the replacement cost of an old item would be far sees than that for a nearly new item. The loss Of an Old item, assuming replacement is necessary, automatically accelerates the t miming Of replacement. Thus, if the Old item were to be junked and replaced tomorrow, no economic loss would be evident. However, if the old item were supposed to last five more years, replacement is accelerated five years. The best practical measure of such a loss probably would be the cost of memorable used equipment that had five years of remaining useful life. The fact that the computer was fully amortized also means the accounting reports will not be affected by the accident. If accounting reports are used to evaluate the office man germ†s performance, the manager will prefer any accidents to be on fully amortized units. 11-526 11-18 (25030 min. ) Closing and opening stores. I. Solution Exhibit II 18, Column 1, presents the relevant loss in revenues and the relevant savings in costs from closing the Surrey store. Lopez is correct that Sanchez Corporation’s operating income would increase by SO,OHO it closes own the Surrey store. Closing down the Surrey store results in a loss Of revenues of $860,000 but cost savings of $867,000 (from cost of goods sold, rent, labor, utilities, and corporate costs). Not e that by closing down the Surrey store, Sanchez Corporation will save none of the equipment-related costs because this is a past cost. Also note that the relevant corporate overhead costs are the actual corporate overhead costs $44,000 that Sanchez expects to save by closing the Surrey store, The corporate overhead of 940,000 allocated to the Surrey store is irrelevant to the analysis. Solution Exhibit 11 8, Column 2, presents the relevant revenues and relevant costs of pop engine another store like the Surrey store. Lopez is correct that opening such a store would increase Sanchez Corporation’s operating income by $11 ,OHO. Incremental revenues of $860,000 exceed the incremental costs of $849,000 (fro m higher cost of goods sold, rent, labor, utilities, and some additional corporate costs). Note that the cost of equipment written off as depreciation is relevant because it is an expected future cost that Sanchez will incur only if it opens the new store. Also note that the relevant corporate overhead costs are the $4,000 of actual corporate overhead costs that Sanchez expects to incur as a result Of opening the new store. Sanchez may, in fact, allocate more than $4,000 of corporate overhead to the new store but this allocation is irrelevant to the analysis. We will write a custom essay sample on Cost Accounting Solutions Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Cost Accounting Solutions Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Cost Accounting Solutions Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Mexico CitysTlatelolco Massacre

Mexico City'sTlatelolco Massacre One of the ugliest and most tragic incidents in the modern history of Latin America took place on Oct. 2, 1968, when hundreds of unarmed Mexicans, most of them student protesters, were gunned down by government police and Mexican army forces in a gruesome bloodbath that still haunts Mexicans. Background For months preceding the incident, protesters, again most of them students, had been taking to the streets to bring the attention of the world to Mexicos repressive government, led by President Gustavo Diaz Ordaz. The protesters were demanding autonomy for universities, the firing of the police chief and the release of political prisoners. Dà ­az Ordaz, in an effort to stop the protests, had ordered the occupation of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, the countrys largest university, in Mexico City. Student protesters saw the upcoming 1968 Summer Olympics, to be held in Mexico City, as the perfect way to bring their issues to a worldwide audience. The Tlatelolco Massacre   On the day of Oct.2, thousands of students marched throughout the capital, and around nightfall, about 5,000 of them congregated at La Plaza de Las Tres Culturas in the district of Tlatelolco for what was expected to be another peaceful rally. But armored cars and tanks quickly surrounded the plaza, and the police began firing into the crowd. Estimates of casualties vary from the official line of four dead and 20 wounded into the thousands, although most historians place the number of casualties somewhere between 200 and 300. Some of the protesters managed to get away, while others took refuge in homes and apartments surrounding the square. A door-to-door search by authorities yielded some of these protesters. Not all of the victims of the Tlatelolco Massacre were protesters; many were simply passing through and in the wrong place at the wrong time. The Mexican government immediately claimed that security forces had been fired upon first and that they were only shooting in self-defense. Whether the security forces fired first or the protesters incited the violence is a question that remains unanswered decades later. Lingering Effects In recent years, however, changes in government have made it possible for a closer look into the reality of the massacre. The then-minister of the interior, Luà ­s Echeverrà ­a Alvarez, was indicted on genocide charges in 2005 in connection with the incident, but the case was later thrown out. Movies and books about the incident have come out, and interest is high in Mexicos Tiananmen Square. Today, its still a powerful subject in Mexican life and politics, and many Mexicans see it as the beginning of the end for the dominant political party, PRI, and also the day the Mexican people stopped trusting their government.

Friedrich Nietzsche, details of more specifics below Essay

Friedrich Nietzsche, details of more specifics below - Essay Example After an encounter with the war front in Frankfurt, Nietzsche observed: â€Å"I felt for the first time that the strongest and highest Will to Life does not find expression in a miserable struggle for existence, but in a Will to War, a Will to Power, a Will to Overpower!† (Durant, 406). In the essay â€Å"on Truth and Lies in a Non-Moral Sense†, Nietzsche develops this idea of human existence and survival in relation to the concept of the deceptive nature of truth, or reality, in the time-space configuration they inhabit. The essay begins with a putative reference to the diminutive, momentary, insignificant nature of the place humans inhabit in this universe, which they ironically perceive to be a gigantic, everlasting, all-consuming one. The nature of truth, when one attempts to perceive it in a hypothetical stance that transcends the here and now is a relative one, always constructed in a subjective conceptual framework. The way in which human intellect perceives truth is never in its entirety, but rather through â€Å"illusions† and â€Å"dream images†. â€Å"[T]heir eye glides only over the surface of things and see â€Å"forms†; their feeling nowhere lead into truth, but contents itself with the reception of stimuli†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The means through which people try to define truth is also essentially arbitrary. In the attempt to translate sense perceptions to language, the essence of truth is lost, as language is just a means of conveying received wisdom, based on conventions. Thus, Nietzsche’s apprehensive query, â€Å"Is language the adequate expression of all realities?†. All meaning that can be created with the help of language is dependent on some ultimate quality. Language in itself cannot hold truth in its entirety. According to Nietzsche, we obtain concepts like â€Å"honesty† â€Å"by overlooking what is individual and actual†, but there is the